Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), first identified in 2001, has recently been making headlines in India due to its increasing cases. This respiratory virus, while often mild in healthy adults, can cause severe symptoms in vulnerable groups like children and older adults. With similarities to the flu and common cold, HMPV’s symptoms often lead to confusion with other respiratory viruses, including COVID-19.
What Is HMPV?
HMPV is a common respiratory virus responsible for 4-16% of acute respiratory infections globally. It circulates primarily between November and May, and while most adults develop immunity through previous exposure, the virus can be particularly severe for infants or individuals with weakened immune systems. It shares a range of symptoms with other respiratory infections but differs in several ways.
HMPV vs. Other Respiratory Viruses
- HMPV vs. Influenza
Both HMPV and influenza spread via respiratory droplets and tend to rise in incidence during the colder months when people are indoors. However, influenza has a key distinction: it is preventable with an annual vaccine and treatable with antiviral medications like oseltamivir. On the other hand, HMPV currently lacks a specific vaccine, and treatment mainly revolves around supportive care such as hydration and fever management. - HMPV vs. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
HMPV and RSV are managed similarly, with supportive care being the mainstay of treatment. However, RSV has the added benefit of a preventive measure through monoclonal antibodies, especially for high-risk infants, which is not available for HMPV. - HMPV vs. COVID-19
Both HMPV and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for COVID-19) share a transmission mode through respiratory droplets, but COVID-19 is far more contagious and presents a broader range of symptoms, including the loss of taste and smell. Additionally, COVID-19 can cause severe complications like Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), requiring specific treatments such as antivirals, steroids, and vaccines. HMPV, in contrast, has a more limited impact and is generally managed with basic care.
The Need for Attention to HMPV
While HMPV may not garner as much attention as more widely known viruses like influenza or COVID-19, it remains an important cause of respiratory illness, especially for high-risk individuals. With no vaccine or prophylactic treatments available, healthcare providers focus on managing the symptoms and supporting patients through recovery.
This comparison highlights the key differences between HMPV and other respiratory viruses, offering insight into its unique characteristics and the challenges it presents in managing public health. Always consult a medical professional for advice if you suspect you have symptoms of any respiratory illness.
