India experienced an alarming number of natural disasters in 2024, from cyclones to landslides and flash floods, leaving thousands dead and causing extensive damage to infrastructure, homes, and livelihoods. These extreme weather events are a reflection of the growing impact of climate change, as highlighted by a report from the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), which revealed that 93% of the year’s first nine months saw extreme weather across the country.
The year began with several heatwaves and continued with a series of devastating natural disasters, resulting in a tragic toll of 3,238 lives. Madhya Pradesh saw the most extreme weather days, followed by Kerala and Assam, the latter of which experienced some of the highest fatalities.
Cyclone Remal – A Powerful Force in the Northeast
One of the most significant events was Cyclone Remal, which hit northeastern India in May. The cyclone made landfall in Bangladesh and West Bengal, causing widespread destruction. The states of Mizoram, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and West Bengal were affected by torrential rain and thunderstorms, leading to landslides and flooding that claimed over 35 lives. Wind speeds reached up to 135 km/h, leaving millions without power and causing considerable damage to homes and infrastructure.
Wayanad Landslides – A Deadly Aftermath of Heavy Rainfall
In July, Kerala’s Wayanad district faced one of the worst natural disasters of the year. The Mundakkai-Chooralmala region experienced deadly landslides triggered by an intense monsoon rainfall, which led to the death of at least 254 people. The landslides, which struck on July 30, flattened entire settlements, burying homes, schools, temples, and shops. Rescue operations were launched immediately, involving the armed forces, the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), and local volunteers. The damage, including the loss of livelihoods and livestock, was estimated at ₹1,200 crore.
Cloudbursts and Flash Floods in Himachal Pradesh
On the night of July 31, Himachal Pradesh was hit by multiple cloudbursts and flash floods that caused extensive destruction. The worst-hit districts were Mandi, Chamba, and Kangra. Samej village, located on the Shimla-Kullu border, suffered the most, with 60 homes destroyed. Roads, including the Manali-Chandigarh National Highway, were severely damaged by landslides. Several teams of NDRF and State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) were dispatched for rescue operations, working tirelessly to retrieve bodies and rescue survivors.
Cyclone Fengal – A Devastating End to the Year
In December, Cyclone Fengal made landfall on the coasts of Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, wreaking havoc across 14 districts. The cyclone affected over 1.5 crore people and inundated more than 2 lakh hectares of farmland. The storm claimed 12 lives and caused significant damage to infrastructure. The heavy rains and strong winds also led to disruption in air travel, with one IndiGo flight forced to abort its landing due to severe turbulence.
These extreme weather events highlight the urgent need for effective disaster management and preparedness as India continues to face the increasing impact of climate change. The year 2024 served as a stark reminder of the vulnerability of communities to such devastating natural calamities.
