Waqf Act Protest in Bhangarh: The political temperature in West Bengal continued to climb on Sunday as fresh protests erupted in Bhangarh over the controversial Waqf Act, resulting in heightened tensions between police forces and demonstrators. Following similar protest movements in Malda and Murshidabad earlier this month, Bhangarh in the South 24 Parganas district became the latest flashpoint in what is turning into a statewide agitation.
According to sources, a mass mobilization of locals, including a section of the minority community, had been planned to gather at Ramlila Maidan in Bhangarh. The gathering was intended to voice strong objections to the Waqf Act, a piece of legislation that some sections of the population claim is being misused to encroach upon private lands under the guise of religious endowment regulations. Protesters allege that the Act lacks transparency and has caused distress among landowners, particularly in rural areas where awareness and documentation of land rights are limited.
Waqf Act Protest in Bhangarh: Protest March Blocked by Authorities
However, even before the protestors could reach the designated protest site at Ramlila Maidan, police authorities intervened, setting up barricades across key points on the Basanti Highway, a critical route connecting Bhangarh to Kolkata and other adjoining areas. The heavy police deployment was aimed at preempting any outbreak of violence or unlawful assembly, according to district administration officials.
The protestors, reportedly numbering in the hundreds, attempted to push forward despite police warnings. Tensions began to escalate rapidly when demonstrators, many of whom were seen waving placards and chanting slogans against the Waqf Board, attempted to forcibly breach the police barricades. In response, police forces resorted to mild baton charges and pushed back the crowd to maintain public order.
Eyewitnesses at the scene described the situation as “tense but under control,” with law enforcement personnel maintaining a tight cordon around the blocked section of the highway. The Basanti Highway remained partially obstructed for over three hours, affecting traffic movement and causing inconvenience to commuters and transporters. Emergency vehicles were allowed to pass, but regular vehicular movement was severely restricted.
Waqf Act Protest in Bhangarh: Local Sentiments and Rising Discontent
The protest is part of a growing wave of dissent in parts of rural and semi-urban Bengal, where sections of the population—cutting across communities—have raised concerns about alleged irregularities and land encroachments linked to the Waqf Board. Activists leading the agitation claim that the Waqf Act, while meant to manage Muslim charitable properties, is being misapplied to claim ownership of private lands without proper verification or public consultation.
One local resident, participating in the protest, stated, “We have no issue with religious institutions or the Waqf Board per se. But we demand clarity, accountability, and a halt to arbitrary land seizures in the name of religious endowment. The law needs reform, not blind enforcement.”
In contrast, some members of the local administration argue that many of the recent claims are based on misinformation and lack of proper documentation on the part of landholders. They maintain that Waqf properties are recorded under legally validated records and are managed as per the provisions of the Central Waqf Council under the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
Waqf Act Protest in Bhangarh: Police and Administrative Response
Speaking to the press, a senior police officer deployed in the area said, “We respect the right of people to protest, but we also have a duty to ensure that protests do not lead to public disorder or block essential roads. Today’s protest was not granted prior permission, and the attempt to march toward Ramlila Maidan in such large numbers posed a law and order risk.”
As of late evening, no major injuries were reported, though several protesters were briefly detained and later released after preliminary verification. The situation has reportedly stabilized, with security forces continuing to patrol key areas of Bhangarh and monitoring social media for the spread of inflammatory content or false information.
District officials have appealed to the public to maintain peace and not to fall prey to rumors. Talks are reportedly being initiated with local community leaders and protest organizers in an attempt to de-escalate tensions and create a platform for dialogue.
Waqf Act Protest in Bhangarh: Political Reactions and Broader Implications
The incident has also sparked political reactions across party lines, with some opposition leaders condemning the police action as “undemocratic suppression of peaceful protest.” Others have accused the ruling administration of mismanaging Waqf-related records and allowing land disputes to spiral into public unrest.
Political analysts warn that if left unaddressed, such protests may snowball into a larger movement, especially with upcoming elections on the horizon. The Waqf Act has emerged as a lightning rod for public grievance in several pockets of Bengal, particularly in districts where land ownership and inheritance issues are often complex and poorly documented.
In the coming days, much will depend on how the state government handles the concerns surrounding the Waqf Act. While the call for legal review and greater transparency grows louder, the immediate focus remains on restoring peace in Bhangarh and ensuring that the protest does not lead to further escalation or communal tension.
In turn, Trinamool MLA Shawkat Mollah claimed, ‘Trinamool is not yet in a situation where it has to stop a four-paisa party like ISF. In fact, the people are not with them. That is why they are saying these things out of frustration.’ After that, he accused the BJP-ISF of collusion and said, ‘Shubhendu Adhikari and Abhijit Gangopadhyay have the best relations with Naushad now.’
Siliguri Plastic Ban: In a significant and proactive step aimed at addressing the growing threat of environmental degradation, the Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC)—which serves as the principal civic authority in the northern Bengal region—has initiated a comprehensive and multi-layered campaign targeting the rampant use of plastic carry bags and thermocol (commonly known as polystyrene) products. This new phase of enforcement comes as part of a broader, long-standing commitment by the SMC to transition Siliguri into a cleaner, greener, and more environmentally conscious urban hub.
Although a formal ban on plastic carry bags has been in place across the Siliguri civic jurisdiction as well as in other parts of the Darjeeling district for several years now, enforcement has often been lax, leading to widespread non-compliance. Plastic bags, especially the thin, single-use variety, continue to flood local markets, shops, and even residential neighborhoods, contributing significantly to urban pollution, drainage blockages, and the long-term contamination of soil and water resources. Likewise, thermocol items—frequently used for packaging and in food services—remain a common sight despite their non-biodegradable nature and adverse impact on ecosystems.
Recognizing the urgent need to reverse this trend and ensure stricter adherence to environmental laws, the SMC’s new campaign is not just a symbolic gesture but a full-scale crackdown that aims to eliminate both the supply and demand of these environmentally harmful products. With this initiative, the civic body is signaling a clear shift from passive regulation to active, on-the-ground implementation, combining administrative authority with grassroots mobilization to bring about real and visible change in the city’s environmental landscape.
By positioning itself at the forefront of urban sustainability efforts in North Bengal, the SMC hopes to set a precedent for other municipalities in the region to follow. Through coordinated action, policy enforcement, and public awareness drives, this campaign seeks to reshape public behavior, promote the use of eco-friendly alternatives, and ultimately move Siliguri closer to its vision of becoming a model green city.
Strategic Measures and Enforcement: A Multi-Pronged Crackdown on Plastic Pollution
In its bid to transform Siliguri into an environmentally responsible and sustainable urban center, the Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) has outlined a comprehensive plan focused on eradicating the use and circulation of banned plastic carry bags and thermocol-based products. During a recently convened meeting of the SMC’s environment committee, top officials, including Mayor Gautam Deb, came together to deliberate on the necessary actions required to enforce the long-standing plastic ban. This meeting served as a pivotal moment in laying the foundation for a renewed and more aggressive crackdown against plastic usage in the city.
The outcome of the discussion was the formulation of a strategic, dual-faceted approach aimed at achieving two core objectives—intensifying public awareness and ensuring strict on-ground enforcement. Mayor Deb underlined the need to not only educate the public and business communities about the environmental hazards posed by plastic but also to create a visible deterrent against its continued use through active surveillance and punitive measures.
To ensure the initiative has tangible impact, the SMC is set to work in close coordination with the Siliguri Metropolitan Police. Together, they plan to mount frequent and surprise raids across key commercial zones, local markets, and storage warehouses. A special emphasis will be placed on monitoring all entry and exit points into the city, such as highways, bus depots, and railway freight stations, which are common channels through which banned plastic items are smuggled into urban markets. The goal is to choke the supply chain and curb illegal transportation of plastic goods before they reach retail shelves.
The planned enforcement strategy will include on-spot confiscation of banned items, levying of hefty fines on violators, and even the temporary suspension or cancellation of trade licenses for repeat offenders. Civic officials have also hinted at roping in local NGOs, ward councilors, and school authorities to amplify the outreach and create community-led surveillance teams that can report violations at the micro level.
Backing this enforcement drive is a dedicated financial allocation of ₹3 lakh from the municipal budget for the 2024–25 fiscal year. Though modest in scale, this fund is expected to fuel a series of highly targeted initiatives including awareness workshops, public street plays, audio-visual campaigns, school outreach programs, and mobile information kiosks that will travel through local markets educating vendors and consumers alike.
The funds will also support logistical requirements for enforcement squads—fuel for vehicles, printing of information materials, hiring of temporary staff for raids, and provisioning of eco-friendly alternatives such as jute and cloth bags to distribute as part of awareness drives. By combining budgetary planning with regulatory action, the SMC aims to build a sustained momentum rather than a short-lived campaign that fizzles out after a few weeks.
Importantly, the campaign isn’t only aimed at punishing violators—it also focuses on creating a behavioral shift. Mayor Deb reiterated that while penalties are essential for immediate impact, long-term success lies in building a sense of civic responsibility among residents. “This is not merely a civic regulation issue; it’s an environmental crisis that affects us all. Our future depends on the choices we make today,” Deb stated during a press briefing following the committee meeting.
While the Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) continues to crack down on the proliferation of banned plastic items in the city, it is also rolling out a parallel initiative that speaks to its long-term environmental vision—an ambitious, multi-tiered strategy aimed at restoring and enhancing the city’s green cover. Recognizing that true sustainability goes beyond prohibition and regulation, the SMC is investing both resources and planning into transforming Siliguri into a more breathable, aesthetically pleasing, and ecologically balanced urban environment.
One of the cornerstone efforts in this green agenda is a comprehensive afforestation drive, which includes the planting of approximately 10,000 saplings across various wards and public spaces in the city. This initiative, backed by a substantial budget allocation of ₹10 lakh for the 2024–25 fiscal year, is expected to significantly improve the city’s air quality, support biodiversity, and provide much-needed green relief in an increasingly urbanized landscape.
The plantation drive will focus on a diverse mix of native tree species known for their environmental benefits—such as neem, peepal, gulmohar, banyan, and fruit-bearing trees like mango and guava. These species have been carefully chosen not only for their ecological value but also for their ability to thrive in Siliguri’s subtropical climate. They will be planted in parks, along road medians, school campuses, hospital compounds, municipal buildings, and along riverbanks and canals that are being revitalized as part of broader water conservation efforts.
In an encouraging precedent that underscores SMC’s seriousness in preserving urban greenery, the corporation has already undertaken a successful replantation program involving the relocation of mature trees from development sites. A total of 180 trees were carefully uprooted and replanted in designated green zones using scientifically approved methods. Impressively, 130 of these trees have survived and are continuing to grow, demonstrating the viability of replantation as an alternative to indiscriminate tree felling. This success story serves as a model for future infrastructure projects, showing that development and ecological preservation can indeed go hand-in-hand with proper planning.
Mayor Gautam Deb has been vocal in advocating for a more environmentally responsible approach to urban planning. In alignment with this vision, the SMC is initiating dialogue with the Confederation of Real Estate Developers’ Association of India (Credai), seeking collaboration from the private sector to integrate sustainability into new and ongoing construction projects. These discussions are expected to culminate in a memorandum of understanding (MoU) that will outline specific green mandates for builders and developers operating within Siliguri.
Among the key proposals under consideration is the mandatory implementation of rainwater harvesting systems in all large-scale residential and commercial developments. Given the region’s significant annual rainfall, such systems can help reduce dependence on municipal water supply, recharge groundwater tables, and prevent waterlogging—a perennial issue during the monsoon months. Developers will be encouraged, and eventually required, to install rooftop harvesting units, permeable paving, and stormwater management infrastructure in their projects.
Another significant measure being promoted is the mandatory plantation of trees within construction sites, particularly along boundaries, parking zones, and internal roads. These green buffers not only reduce the urban heat island effect but also improve the microclimate, lower ambient temperatures, and absorb airborne pollutants—a pressing concern in Siliguri given its proximity to congested transit corridors and industrial activities.
The SMC also plans to offer incentives to eco-conscious developers, including faster building permit clearances, recognition awards, and tax rebates for projects that go beyond the minimum green compliance norms. Furthermore, Credai members will be invited to take part in community greening initiatives, such as public park restorations and urban forestation drives, under their corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs.
All these restoration efforts form part of a wider policy framework aimed at building climate resilience in Siliguri—a city that is increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather events, including flash floods, prolonged heatwaves, and erratic rainfall patterns. By expanding green spaces, improving drainage through natural solutions, and reducing the carbon footprint of urban development, the SMC hopes to buffer the city from these environmental shocks and make it more livable for future generations.
Importantly, the greening mission is not just a top-down initiative. The civic body intends to involve citizens actively in the process through community plantation programs, school competitions, awareness drives, and tree adoption schemes. Ward-level committees will play a crucial role in identifying plantation sites, ensuring tree care, and monitoring growth progress. Local residents will be encouraged to become “green wardens” for trees planted in their vicinity, fostering a sense of ownership and shared responsibility for the city’s green lungs.
In essence, the SMC’s environmental restoration campaign represents a hopeful and progressive step in reimagining urban growth—not as a threat to nature, but as an opportunity to coexist with it. With strategic investments, collaborative planning, and citizen participation, Siliguri is poised to lead by example as a modern Indian city that doesn’t just grow, but grows green.
Siliguri Plastic Ban: Community Engagement and Future Outlook
The SMC’s comprehensive approach underscores its commitment to fostering an environmentally sustainable urban environment. By combining regulatory enforcement with community engagement and infrastructural development, the corporation aims to mitigate pollution and enhance the quality of life for Siliguri’s residents.
As these initiatives progress, the SMC anticipates increased public awareness and cooperation, essential components in the successful realization of its environmental objectives.
Blue Star is planning a massive manufacturing plant in West Bengal after 2028. Discover why this bold move could transform Bengal into the next industrial powerhouse of India.
The Blue Star plant in West Bengal isn’t just a possibility — it’s fast becoming a symbol of a shifting industrial tide in India. In a move that could reshape the economic destiny of the eastern corridor, Blue Star Ltd, one of India’s premier brands in air conditioning and refrigeration, has hinted at setting up a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in West Bengal after 2028. This isn’t just about factory lines and cold storage — it’s about jobs, investment, innovation, and putting Bengal back on the industrial map.
If this plan materializes, it could trigger a domino effect, inspiring other industry leaders to invest in Bengal’s under-tapped but highly strategic terrain. Let’s dive deep into what this could mean for the region, for Blue Star, and for the larger narrative of India’s industrial future.
Blue Star’s Meteoric Rise in Eastern India
Blue Star has been quietly but powerfully expanding its market in eastern India — and now, it’s reaping the rewards. According to Managing Director B Thiagarajan, the company sold 1.2 lakh air conditioners in West Bengal in 2024 alone, a staggering leap from 85,000 units the year before.
This growth is not just a blip — it’s a signal. Bengal’s consumer demand is booming, and Blue Star sees the writing on the wall. “Once we cross the 5-lakh-units mark in the East, we’ll be ready to build,” said Thiagarajan. With projections showing this milestone is within reach by 2028, the countdown has unofficially begun.
Why West Bengal? The Strategic Goldmine
While many companies still view Maharashtra, Gujarat, or Tamil Nadu as go-to destinations, Blue Star is looking East — and for good reason.
Land is cheaper in Bengal than in many western or southern states.
Power and water availability is robust and under-utilized.
The government’s industry-friendly policies, especially under the new industrial incentive frameworks, are making Bengal increasingly attractive to investors.
Bengal offers a strategic location for servicing markets in Northeast India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh.
In short, Bengal is a sleeping giant — and Blue Star might just be the company to wake it up.
Bengal’s Retail Revolution: Blue Star’s Aggressive Expansion
Blue Star isn’t just looking at factories. They’re doubling down on retail penetration. From 1,050 stores in West Bengal today, they aim to reach a jaw-dropping 2,000 outlets in the next few years. That’s nearly doubling their market presence, ensuring that the Blue Star brand becomes ubiquitous in cities, towns, and even rural pockets.
This growth isn’t just about selling products — it’s about building brand loyalty, generating employment, and embedding the Blue Star name in the cultural and economic fabric of Bengal.
Manufacturing Plant is equal to Massive Employment Opportunities
Once operational, the Blue Star manufacturing facility in Bengal could employ thousands directly and many more indirectly. From factory workers and engineers to supply chain managers, local transporters, and small vendors, the ripple effect could be immense.
Think of it this way: One plant could anchor an entire ecosystem — from housing and schools to logistics and warehousing, the local economy could see a full-blown transformation.
Boosting Bengal’s Image as an Industrial Destination
Let’s face it — Bengal has struggled to shed the perception of being a difficult place to do business. But this is changing. TCS, ITC, Haldia Petrochemicals, and now potentially Blue Star — these aren’t just companies; they are testimonials to a Bengal that’s opening its doors, rolling out red carpets, and inviting global-standard investment.
If Blue Star’s mega plant becomes a reality, it will send a powerful message across corporate boardrooms: Bengal is open for business — and it means business.
Market Forecast: A Soaring East India HVAC Boom
India’s air conditioning (HVAC) market is projected to grow at a CAGR of over 13% from 2024 to 2030, with eastern India emerging as a surprising front-runner. Factors like rapid urbanization, rising disposable income, and a warming climate are accelerating demand.
Blue Star has correctly identified the eastern belt, especially West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Odisha, as a goldmine. With Kolkata leading in infrastructure development and Siliguri rising as a logistics and IT hub, demand is projected to double by 2028 — just in time for Blue Star’s proposed facility.
Bengal vs. Other States: Why Blue Star’s Move Is Bold and Strategic
Blue Star already operates five manufacturing plants across India, including in Wada (Maharashtra), Dadra, and Himachal Pradesh. Choosing West Bengal for a future plant is more than geographic diversification — it’s about strategic dominance in untapped markets.
Factor/ West Bengal/ Gujarat/ Tamil Nadu
Land Cost- Low – High – Moderate
Power Availability – High – Moderate – High
Proximity to East & NE – Excellent – Low – Low
Policy Support – Rising – Strong – Strong
Choosing Bengal sends a signal: Blue Star wants first-mover advantage in an eastern India boom before others rush in.
Voices of Optimism: What Experts Are Saying
“Blue Star’s vision aligns with Bengal’s new industrial strategy. Their entry could trigger a manufacturing wave in eastern India.”
– Dr. Sudipto Ray, Industrial Policy Analyst, IIM Calcutta
“This isn’t just about Blue Star—it’s about market confidence. If they set up in Bengal, other giants will follow.”
– Ankita Saha, Economic Editor, Eastern Business Review
“We welcome investments that generate local jobs and boost our state GDP. This is a sign that our policy shift is working.”
– West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation Official (WBIDC)
Policy Tailwinds and Infrastructure Push
The West Bengal government, under its latest industrial policy, has made manufacturing a top priority. Highlights include:
Single-window clearances through Silpasathi Portal
Subsidies on land, water, and power for manufacturing units
State GST reimbursement for large investments
Investments in roads, industrial parks, and inland ports
In 2023 alone, the government cleared projects worth ₹15,000 crore, including infrastructure upgrades near Kharagpur, Durgapur, and Dankuni—potential locations Blue Star might consider.
Implications for the Region
The proposed establishment of a manufacturing plant by Blue Star in West Bengal post-2028 signifies a positive trajectory for the state’s industrial development. It reflects the growing importance of the eastern market in the company’s overall business strategy and underscores the potential for economic growth and employment opportunities in the region.
As Blue Star continues to monitor market trends and performance, the company’s strategic investments and expansion plans are poised to contribute significantly to the industrial and economic landscape of West Bengal in the coming years.
Timeline to 2028: What to Expect
Here’s a probable timeline for the Blue Star plant in West Bengal journey:
Year / Milestone
2025 – Finalize location (s), feasibility studies begin
2026 – Market threshold crossed: 5 lakh ACs sold in East
2027 – Land acquisition and state- level MoU signed
2028 – Groundbreaking ceremony and infrastructure setup
2029 – Hiring, local vendor on- boarding begins
2030 – Plant becomes operational
Thiagarajan’s cautious yet confident approach signals that 2028–2030 is a realistic window for this ambitious industrial dream to take shape.
Blue Star’s Expansion in Numbers
₹9,685 crore – Total Blue Star revenue (2024)
10% – Contribution from Eastern region
8% – West Bengal’s share alone
1.2 lakh units – ACs sold in WB in 2024
2,000 – Planned retail points in West Bengal
Thousands – Potential direct jobs from new plant
Challenges Ahead: Not All Smooth Sailing
While the excitement is palpable, several challenges could delay or disrupt the plan:
Land acquisition delays, especially in peri-urban areas
Political uncertainties during state and national elections
Infrastructure bottlenecks in Tier 2 regions
Rising competition from other eastern states like Odisha or Assam
However, with Blue Star’s reputation for strategic execution and Bengal’s rising pro-industry sentiment, these risks are manageable.
Bengal’s Industrial Destiny Might Be Closer Than Ever
If there ever was a corporate move that symbolized faith in a region’s future, it’s Blue Star’s vision for West Bengal post-2028. This plant isn’t just about machines and materials—it’s about confidence, possibility, and the rebirth of Bengal’s industrial might.
With rising consumer demand, visionary leadership, and increasing policy support, Blue Star’s plant in West Bengal could be the inflection point the eastern region has long awaited.
And if Blue Star builds it, others will come.
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Explore the Saif Ali Khan attack case in detail — from the shocking robbery attempt to the arrest of Bangladeshi national Shariful Islam, forensic evidence, and trial updates.
In January 2025, Bollywood actor Saif Ali Khan was attacked in his Mumbai residence during an attempted robbery. The incident shocked the nation and led to a complex investigation spanning multiple states. This article provides a detailed account of the events, the accused’s background, the investigation, and the legal proceedings that followed.
Saif Ali Khan Attack Case: The Incident
On January 16, 2025, an intruder broke into Saif Ali Khan’s 12th-floor apartment in the Satguru Sharan building, Bandra West, Mumbai. The intruder, later identified as Shariful Islam, attempted to rob the actor. A confrontation ensued, during which Saif sustained multiple stab wounds, including damage to his thoracic spine. He was rushed to Lilavati Hospital and underwent surgery, remaining under treatment for five days before being discharged on January 21.
The Accused: Shariful Islam
Shariful Islam, a Bangladeshi national, illegally entered India around seven months prior to the attack. He crossed the Dawki river in Meghalaya and used multiple aliases, including Bijoy Das, to move around undetected. Islam stayed in various locations in West Bengal before arriving in Mumbai, where he sought employment without documentation
Saif Ali Khan Attack Case: Investigation and Arrest
Mumbai Police arrested Islam on January 19, 2025, in Thane, Maharashtra. The investigation revealed that he had used a SIM card registered under the name of a West Bengal resident, Khukumoni Jahangir Sekh, whose phone he had allegedly stolen. Police recorded statements from over 40 witnesses, including Saif Ali Khan, his wife Kareena Kapoor, staff members, and the autorickshaw driver who transported Saif to the hospital.
Saif Ali Khan Attack Case: Forensic Evidence
A 1,000-page chargesheet filed by Bandra Police included substantial forensic evidence linking Islam to the crime. This evidence comprised DNA matches between Saif’s blood and blood found on a T-shirt allegedly worn by Islam, as well as on the handle of the knife used in the attack. Fingerprint analysis further corroborated Islam’s involvement.
Saif Ali Khan Attack Case: Background and Motive
Islam’s father, Md Ruhul Amin Fakir, stated that his son left Bangladesh in April 2024 due to political instability and a bleak future in his village. Islam aimed to find employment in India and eventually move elsewhere. He initially worked in a hotel in West Bengal before relocating to Mumbai.
Additional Offenses
Further investigation revealed that Islam had committed theft at his maternal uncle’s house in South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, in July 2024. After stealing money, he was expelled from the household. This relative informed the police about Islam’s Bangladeshi nationality and provided details about his family.
Legal Proceedings
Islam was charged with attempted murder, illegal entry into India, and theft. The comprehensive chargesheet, supported by forensic and testimonial evidence, formed the basis for the prosecution’s case. The trial proceedings are ongoing, with the court examining the extensive documentation provided by the police.
Impact and Security Concerns
The attack on a high-profile actor like Saif Ali Khan raised concerns about security measures for celebrities and the challenges posed by illegal immigration. Authorities have since reviewed security protocols and emphasized the need for stringent checks to prevent similar incidents.
The Saif Ali Khan attack case underscores the complexities of cross-border crimes and the importance of thorough investigative procedures. The collaborative efforts of law enforcement agencies across states have been pivotal in bringing the accused to justice. As the legal process unfolds, the case continues to be a focal point in discussions about security and immigration policies in India.
Grand Yak Festival Thakum: The serene and picturesque highlands of Thakum, a remote Himalayan settlement perched near the Indo-Nepal border, have recently transformed into a vibrant hub of culture, tradition, and celebration with the onset of the Grand Yak Festival, locally revered as Chauri Mahotsav.
This annual event, now in its eighth edition, is much more than just a festival—it is a vivid showcase of the region’s ancient customs, deep-rooted agricultural and pastoral traditions, and the close-knit relationship that local communities share with nature and their revered yak herds. Held on April 13 and 14, coinciding with the Nepali New Year celebrations, the festival has turned this otherwise tranquil landscape into a bustling destination for both domestic and international tourists.
Draped in fluttering prayer flags, echoing with the soulful rhythms of traditional music, and brimming with colorful attire and joyous celebrations, Thakum has become a symbol of Himalayan cultural pride. What was once a little-known village path now teems with curious travelers, adventure enthusiasts, environmentalists, and cultural connoisseurs, all eager to witness the unique festival that places the majestic yak at the center of attention.
The Chauri Mahotsav, which honors the contribution of yaks to mountain life—be it in transport, dairy production, or traditional rituals—has emerged as a powerful magnet for eco-tourism, drawing crowds to the nearby Sandakphu region, the highest point in West Bengal.
With snow-capped peaks in the backdrop and a crisp mountain breeze carrying the scent of burning juniper and butter lamps, the festival encapsulates the mystical charm of the Himalayas. This growing tourist interest is not just a fleeting seasonal spike; rather, it reflects a deeper appreciation for the rich cultural tapestry of the Himalayan communities—their resilience, spirituality, sustainable lifestyles, and harmonious coexistence with nature.
From yaks being paraded and adorned in vibrant woolen decorations, to stalls selling locally-produced yak cheese, butter, and handmade woolen crafts, the festival offers an immersive experience that connects people not only to the land but to the stories and struggles of those who call it home.
As tourists continue to arrive in greater numbers, Thakum and the surrounding Singalila ridge are steadily emerging on the map as must-visit destinations, not just for trekking and panoramic mountain views, but also for their authentic cultural experiences, which are increasingly rare in a rapidly globalizing world. The Grand Yak Festival, thus, stands not merely as a celebration, but as a bridge—linking the traditional and the modern, the local and the global, and the sacred and the scenic.
Celebrating the Yak: A Cultural and Economic Pillar
Organized by the yak herders and farmers of Phalelung Rural Municipality in collaboration with the Nepal Tourism Board and other local bodies, the festival marks the Nepali New Year 2081-82. This eighth edition of the Chauri Mahotsav features around 130 yaks, offering visitors a rare glimpse into the traditions surrounding these majestic animals. The event includes the sale of various dairy products, educational exhibits, and handouts about yaks, aiming to promote eco-tourism, support wildlife conservation, boost cross-border tourism, and sustain the yak-keeping livelihood.
Keshari Gurung, an eco-tourism activist, emphasized the festival’s role in highlighting the significance of yaks in the region’s ecology and economy. “The goal is to promote eco-tourism, support wildlife conservation, boost cross-border tourism, and sustain the yak-keeping livelihood,” she stated.
Grand Yak Festival Thakum: Tourist Influx and Accommodation Challenges
The festival’s allure has led to a significant increase in tourist footfall in Sandakphu, the highest point in West Bengal. Chandan Pradhan, president of the Singalila Land Rovers’ Owners Association (SLROA), noted that accommodations in Sandakphu are fully booked, with most of the Nepal side also at capacity. “With the festival being organized during peak season, we are getting a lot of queries. Unfortunately, we have to turn tourists away as the region is fully packed till the end of April,” Pradhan said.
On Saturday, about 30 vehicles carrying nearly 200 tourists departed for Sandakphu and Tumling, indicating the high demand and interest in the region during the festival period.
Grand Yak Festival Thakum: Environmental Concerns Amidst Tourism Boom
While the festival has boosted tourism, it has also raised concerns about environmental sustainability. Stakeholders have urged the government to take immediate steps to make Sandakphu a safer destination. Bhaskar Das, a governing council member of the Indian Mountaineering Federation, highlighted issues such as the lack of medical facilities and the irresponsible behavior of some tourists, including littering and alcohol consumption at high altitudes. He advocated for measures like mandatory fitness certificates for visitors and the provision of oxygen cylinders and first aid kits.
Pradeep Lama, General Secretary of the Darjeeling Association of Travel Agents, suggested that the local administration should collaborate with the Shashastra Seema Bal to provide medical assistance during emergencies, similar to practices in high-altitude areas of Sikkim.
Grand Yak Festival Thakum: Weather Challenges and Infrastructure Issues
The region has also faced challenges due to untimely snowfall, which has caused major dents in tourism. In March, the SLROA members attempted to clear snow from a 3 km stretch from Beekaybhanjyang to Sandakphu but found it impossible due to more than 3 feet of snow. Chandan Pradhan expressed frustration over the lack of action from the Public Works Department and the Forest Department, emphasizing the need for road clearance to facilitate tourist access.
Despite these challenges, the snowfall has also revived hopes for increased tourist footfall. Sandakphu received up to two inches of snowfall in January, offering panoramic views of the Kanchenjunga, Everest, Makalu, and Lhotse peaks, thereby attracting nature lovers and adventure enthusiasts.
Grand Yak Festival Thakum: A Harmonious Blend of Culture, Nature, and Tourism
The Grand Yak Festival in Thakum stands as a testament to the region’s rich cultural heritage and its potential for sustainable tourism. By celebrating traditional practices and addressing environmental concerns, the festival aims to create a harmonious balance between cultural preservation and economic development.
As tourists continue to flock to Sandakphu and its surrounding areas, the collaborative efforts of local communities, authorities, and environmentalists will be crucial in ensuring that the region remains a pristine and welcoming destination for generations to come.
Grand Yak Festival Thakum: Sandakphu Trekking and Tourism
Murshidabad Protests Against Waqf: The recent protests in Murshidabad, West Bengal, against the proposed amendments to the Waqf Act have erupted into a wave of violent confrontations that have left communities rattled, properties destroyed, and political institutions shaken. What initially began as a localized demonstration expressing concerns over potential threats to religious endowments has rapidly escalated into a full-blown crisis marked by arson, vandalism, and widespread communal unrest.
Over the course of several tense days, the normally peaceful streets of Murshidabad—known for its composite culture and historical significance—have become scenes of chaos. Mobs set fire to public and private vehicles, stormed police stations, vandalized government offices, and looted shops, particularly targeting properties belonging to the Hindu community. One of the most disturbing developments was the ransacking and torching of the Trinamool Congress (TMC) party office and the Raninagar police station, symbolizing not just public anger, but also a volatile breakdown in the authority of state institutions.
At the center of this turmoil is the contentious Waqf Amendment Bill, a proposed legal change that has triggered anxieties among sections of the Muslim population who view the legislation as a direct encroachment on their religious rights and community autonomy. Critics argue that the Bill disproportionately affects the functioning of Waqf Boards—statutory bodies that manage properties donated for religious or charitable purposes by Muslims—and could lead to increased governmental control over such institutions. For many protesters, the proposed changes are not just about property laws, but a broader symbol of what they perceive as targeted discrimination.
However, what has further complicated the situation is the sharp communal turn the protests have taken. While the demonstrations began as a constitutional response—a demand for dialogue, debate, and reconsideration—they have unfortunately devolved into acts of violence that have targeted not only political rivals but also specific religious communities. Hindu-owned businesses, temples, and homes have reportedly come under attack in some localities, further inflaming already delicate social fault lines.
This dual narrative of legislative anxiety and communal polarization has thrust Murshidabad into the national spotlight. Questions are now being asked not only about the intent and implementation of the Waqf Amendment Bill but also about the readiness of the state administration to prevent and control communal flare-ups. As footage of burning vehicles, tear gas clouds, and angry mobs circulate on social media and news channels, concerns are mounting over whether this incident is an isolated eruption or a harbinger of deeper unrest simmering beneath the surface in Bengal.
It is important to note that West Bengal, and Murshidabad in particular, has a complex socio-political and communal history. Home to one of the highest concentrations of Muslim populations in India, the region has often been seen as a microcosm of India’s pluralism—and, at times, its fragility. The recent unrest has exposed not only the administrative lapses in containing the violence but also the challenges in maintaining interfaith harmony in a region already burdened by political polarization and economic distress.
In this report, we take a deep dive into the origins of the Waqf Amendment Bill, the sequence of events that led to the current unrest in Murshidabad, the role of political parties, the communal dimension of the violence, and the broader implications of this episode on the socio-political fabric of West Bengal and the rest of India. Drawing from news reports, eyewitness accounts, expert opinions, and historical context, we aim to present a comprehensive, balanced, and in-depth analysis of what really happened in Murshidabad—and why it matters.
Murshidabad Protests Against Waqf: Background of the Waqf Amendment Bill
The Waqf Amendment Bill has been a point of contention, particularly among Muslim organizations in West Bengal. They argue that the proposed changes threaten the autonomy of the Waqf Board, which manages endowments for religious and charitable purposes. Leaders from various Muslim organizations have expressed concerns that the amendments could violate Article 14 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees equality before the law, by singling out the Waqf Board while other religious endowment boards retain their autonomous status. Despite submitting detailed objections and suggestions to the Joint Parliamentary Committee, these organizations feel their concerns have not been adequately addressed.
Murshidabad Protests Against Waqf: Understanding the Waqf Amendment Bill
The Waqf Amendment Bill has become a lightning rod for controversy, not only in Murshidabad but across several minority-dominated regions in India. At its core, the Bill proposes to restructure how Waqf properties are governed and to increase the role of the central government in their oversight. Waqf properties—endowments made by Muslims for religious, educational, or charitable purposes—are traditionally managed by Waqf Boards, which operate under state governments. Critics of the Bill argue that the proposed changes would effectively centralize control and dilute the autonomy of these Boards, undermining a long-standing religious institution.
According to legal analysts and minority rights advocates, one of the most concerning aspects of the proposed amendment is the expanded authority it would grant to the Central Waqf Council and the Union Ministry of Minority Affairs. This includes the ability to unilaterally review and possibly revoke the decisions of state Waqf Boards. Additionally, the Bill calls for stricter eligibility requirements for board members and increased financial scrutiny, which some community leaders see as a veiled attempt to bureaucratize and politicize what should be a religious and charitable domain.
Proponents of the amendment argue that it aims to bring transparency and curb corruption within the Waqf system, which has often been mired in allegations of mismanagement and land scams. However, detractors assert that these goals could be achieved through internal reform, rather than sweeping legislative overreach. For many Muslims, particularly in states like West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar, the Bill evokes a deeper fear—that of losing control over community assets and seeing their religious institutions gradually absorbed into the administrative machinery of the state. This context is vital in understanding why the protests turned so volatile and emotional in Murshidabad, where many families are directly connected to Waqf institutions and fear that their heritage is under threat.
Timeline: Murshidabad Protests Against Waqf
The sequence of events in Murshidabad leading up to the widespread protests offers critical insights into the eruption of violence that followed. What began as sporadic demonstrations in early April quickly morphed into coordinated acts of unrest, reflecting a growing unease among local populations. The first visible signs of dissent appeared around April 4th, when various Muslim organizations organized peaceful rallies against the proposed Waqf Amendment Bill. These protests were initially non-violent, with participants holding placards, chanting slogans, and submitting memoranda to local authorities.
By April 6th, tensions began to escalate following a joint victory rally organized by the Congress and CPI(M) in the area. Witnesses say that the atmosphere turned volatile when protestors, frustrated by what they perceived as political indifference and provocation, clashed with law enforcement officers deployed at the scene. The confrontation quickly turned violent. Stones were hurled, police resorted to lathi charges, and several arrests were made. The Raninagar police station was targeted shortly thereafter, ransacked by mobs who also set several vehicles on fire.
April 7th marked a significant turning point. Violence intensified across multiple pockets of Murshidabad, particularly in areas like Raghunathganj, Domkal, and Berhampore. Protesters set ablaze a local TMC party office, and reports surfaced of vandalism at shops owned by Hindu residents. Trains were delayed or canceled as mobs blocked railway lines, while National Highway 34 saw massive traffic disruptions. Internet services were suspended as a precautionary measure to prevent the spread of misinformation and to contain coordination among agitators. Over the next 48 hours, the unrest showed no signs of abating.
By April 9th, the state administration deployed additional paramilitary forces and imposed Section 144 in sensitive areas to restore calm. As the dust settled, hundreds had been detained, dozens injured, and countless properties destroyed. The incident was no longer just a protest against a bill—it had transformed into a broader reflection of community fears, political rivalry, and administrative failure.
Murshidabad Protests Against Waqf: Political Reactions & Government Response
The political fallout from the Murshidabad protests has been swift and far-reaching, exposing sharp rifts between state and central leadership while adding fuel to the fire of West Bengal’s already polarized political landscape. The ruling Trinamool Congress (TMC) has come under intense criticism, both from the opposition and sections of the public, for its perceived failure to preempt and contain the violence. Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee’s government responded by deploying additional police and paramilitary forces and imposing curfews, but many argue that these measures were reactive rather than preventive.
In a public statement, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee condemned the violence unequivocally, urging citizens to maintain communal harmony and cautioning against being misled by “rumors and vested interests.” However, she also subtly deflected blame onto the central government, suggesting that the unrest was exacerbated by the proposed Waqf Amendment Bill—legislation she insists should have undergone greater public consultation. Meanwhile, the opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) accused the TMC of minority appeasement and administrative incompetence, calling for a National Investigation Agency (NIA) probe into what they described as an organized attempt to disrupt law and order.
The Congress and CPI(M), who have been attempting a political revival in the state, used the incident to position themselves as defenders of secularism while blaming both the TMC and BJP for communalizing the issue. Their involvement in earlier rallies complicated the narrative, as both parties sought to distance themselves from the violence that ensued. Union Minister Smriti Irani and other senior BJP leaders made strong statements demanding accountability and urging the central government to intervene if necessary.
Law enforcement agencies, under pressure from all sides, initiated mass arrests and stepped up surveillance in sensitive areas. Dozens of CCTV footages were reviewed, and mobile tracking tools were employed to identify those involved in the violence. Simultaneously, the Ministry of Home Affairs requested a detailed report from the state government. The complex web of political finger-pointing, law enforcement crackdowns, and community backlash has underscored the deeply contentious nature of the protests—and the challenge of finding a political solution to what is fast becoming a national flashpoint.
Murshidabad Protests Against Waqf: Political Reactions & Government Response
The political response to the Murshidabad unrest has been divided. Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee condemned the violence but criticized the central government’s role in triggering unrest through the Waqf Amendment Bill. She called for peace and communal harmony while accusing opposition parties of incitement.
The BJP blamed the TMC for allowing lawlessness and demanded a probe, even suggesting central intervention. Congress and CPI(M) criticized both TMC and BJP, seeking to portray themselves as neutral defenders of secularism. Law enforcement ramped up arrests, reviewed CCTV footage, and used digital tracking to identify rioters. The Union Home Ministry requested a detailed report, highlighting the seriousness of the situation.
Communal Tensions and Targeted Attacks
Amid the unrest, reports have emerged of targeted attacks on Hindu-owned shops and properties in Murshidabad. These incidents have been linked to allegations of blasphemy, further inflaming communal tensions in the area. Eyewitness accounts and social media reports suggest that these attacks were coordinated, leading to significant property damage and fear among the Hindu community.
Impact on Local Communities and Businesses
The violent protests in Murshidabad have had a devastating impact on local communities and the economy. Many small businesses, especially those owned by Hindus, were vandalized or looted, leading to significant financial losses. The fear of further violence prompted widespread closures, disrupting daily life and commerce.
Residents in affected areas reported sleepless nights and constant fear. Schools were shut, transportation halted, and essential supplies disrupted. The communal undertone of the violence has further strained Hindu-Muslim relations, eroding the social fabric in a district known for its communal harmony. Recovery will require not only rebuilding infrastructure but also restoring trust between communities.
Murshidabad Protests Against Waqf: Media Coverage and Public Discourse
Media coverage of the Murshidabad violence varied widely. National and regional outlets provided different narratives, with some focusing on the communal aspects and others emphasizing the legal concerns behind the protests. Videos of the violence, including arson and vandalism, went viral, intensifying public concern.
Social media became a battleground for conflicting narratives. Hashtags related to the Waqf Act trended, with users either supporting the protesters or condemning the violence. Misinformation also spread rapidly, forcing authorities to temporarily suspend internet services. The role of media in shaping public perception has been crucial—often amplifying tensions rather than calming them.
Murshidabad Protests Against Waqf: Communal Harmony and Long-Term Implications
The recent unrest has shaken Murshidabad’s reputation for peaceful coexistence. With violence targeting specific communities, particularly Hindus, the long-term damage to interfaith relations is a real concern. Community leaders and NGOs have called for peace meetings and interfaith dialogues to restore harmony.
If not addressed properly, the Murshidabad incident could set a precedent for similar unrest elsewhere. The government must balance legal reform with community engagement, ensuring that minority rights are not perceived as under threat. Long-term peace will depend on transparency, communication, and rebuilding public trust across all sections of society.
Murshidabad Protests Against Waqf: The Road Ahead for Murshidabad and West Bengal
Murshidabad now stands at a critical juncture. The Waqf Amendment Bill has exposed deep-rooted anxieties and the fragile nature of communal peace. Moving forward, the state and central governments must work together to ensure that such unrest is not repeated.
A transparent, inclusive approach to lawmaking—especially on sensitive issues involving religion—is essential. Simultaneously, maintaining law and order without alienating any community will be key. The Murshidabad protests serve as a warning and an opportunity—for dialogue, reform, and the recommitment to India’s secular ideals.
Mullick Ghat Flower Waste Recycling: Historically, this floral refuse has been picked up by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) and dumped at the Dhapa dumping ground, a huge landfill on the city’s eastern periphery. There, in addition to food waste, plastics, and biomedical waste, the flowers slowly rot, releasing greenhouse gases and seeping into the ground.
The cultivation of combining natural floral waste with common trash not only worsens environmental pollution but also amounts to a senseless waste of natural, biodegradable material, which has enormous unused potential. Because of the natural composition of flowers, they are extremely compost-friendly, and natural oils and coloring matter can be recovered for industry use in applications such as perfumery, cosmetics, incense sticks, and even natural dyes.
Mullick Ghat Flower Waste Recycling: Sacred Waste: A Cultural Dilemma
Moreover, religious sentiments are often tied to flowers, especially those used as offerings to deities in temples and homes. Many people are uncomfortable with the idea of these sacred remnants being carelessly dumped in trash heaps or riverbanks. This adds a moral and emotional dimension to the urgency of finding a more respectful and sustainable disposal method for floral waste.
Mullick Ghat Flower Waste Recycling: A Call for Reform – Turning Trash into Treasure
In light of these challenges, civic officials, environmentalists, and entrepreneurs have increasingly raised questions about how Kolkata can manage its flower waste more responsibly. The sheer volume generated at Mullick Ghat—often several truckloads daily—makes it a prime candidate for targeted waste recycling initiatives. The need of the hour is a comprehensive solution that transforms this visually stunning yet environmentally harmful phenomenon into an opportunity for sustainable growth, job creation, and circular economy.
KMC Steps Up: A New Vision for Floral Waste Management
In response to this issue, the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) has initiated discussions with the state horticulture department and the Kolkata Port Trust (KoPT) to explore sustainable methods for processing the discarded flowers. The proposed plan involves converting floral waste into valuable products such as natural incense sticks, perfumes, and ‘abir’—the colored powder prominently used during festivals like Holi. By implementing this strategy, the KMC aims to reduce environmental pollution, promote sustainable practices, and provide an additional revenue stream for local flower vendors.
Learning from the Past: Temple Models as Inspiration
The concept of recycling floral waste is not unprecedented in the region. The Dakshineswar Kali Temple previously operated a successful flower processing unit for seven years, transforming floral offerings into eco-friendly products. Unfortunately, the initiative was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Learning from such models, the KMC envisions establishing a similar facility at Mullick Ghat as part of a broader effort to modernize the market and enhance its infrastructure. This modernization includes constructing proper concrete pathways to prevent accidents and improve the overall functionality of the market.
India’s Growing Green Economy: From Waste to Worth
The initiative aligns with a growing trend across India, where entrepreneurs and organizations are finding innovative ways to repurpose temple flower waste. For instance, the Kanpur-based startup HelpUsGreen has been instrumental in collecting floral waste from temples and converting it into organic incense sticks and fertilizers. This not only addresses the problem of river pollution caused by flower dumping but also creates employment opportunities for local communities. Similarly, Mysore Deep Perfumery House (MDPH) collaborated with HelpUsGreen to launch ‘Nature Flower’ incense sticks, made entirely from recycled flowers, further exemplifying the potential of such eco-friendly ventures.
Benefits Beyond Waste Reduction
Implementing a flower recycling project at Mullick Ghat could yield multiple benefits:
Environmental Impact: Reducing the volume of waste transported to landfills and minimizing river pollution caused by flower dumping.
Economic Opportunities: Creating new revenue streams for flower vendors and generating employment in the processing and manufacturing sectors.
Cultural Preservation: Producing traditional products like incense and ‘abir’ that hold significant cultural and religious value.
Market Modernization: Enhancing the infrastructure and safety of Mullick Ghat, making it more accessible and efficient for traders and customers alike.
A Model for the Future
As the KMC continues to collaborate with relevant stakeholders, the success of this initiative could serve as a model for other cities grappling with similar issues, demonstrating how sustainable practices can be integrated into urban management to benefit both the environment and the economy.
Siliguri Citizens Convention 2025 aims to transform local governance. Mayor Gautam Deb’s bold civic outreach across boroughs could reshape public trust before the 2026 elections.
Siliguri Citizens Convention 2025: is all set to become a landmark in grassroots democratic engagement as Mayor Gautam Deb launches a bold civic outreach program aimed at connecting directly with residents. The event, scheduled for April 19 at Dinabandhu Mancha, is more than a public meet—it’s a strategic move by the Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) to bridge the gap between governance and the governed. With the 2026 Assembly elections approaching, this initiative is drawing both praise and criticism, sparking a renewed political discourse in one of North Bengal’s most dynamic cities.
In a noteworthy and ambitious step aimed at deepening civic participation and strengthening the relationship between the municipal administration and the general public, Siliguri Mayor Gautam Deb—one of the senior-most leaders of the Trinamool Congress (TMC) in North Bengal—has announced the organization of a large-scale citizens’ convention. This much-anticipated event is scheduled to take place on April 19, 2025, at the iconic Dinabandhu Mancha, a prominent cultural auditorium in the heart of Siliguri. According to the mayor, the primary objective behind convening this meet is to create an open and transparent platform where everyday citizens can directly interact with administrative officials, voice their concerns, share their grievances, suggest ideas, and actively participate in shaping the civic discourse of the city.
The convention is envisioned as a grassroots-level public dialogue that will go beyond typical bureaucratic red tape and foster real-time communication between the people of Siliguri and their elected representatives. In recent years, the demand for greater transparency and accountability in urban governance has been steadily growing, especially in rapidly expanding cities like Siliguri that are grappling with infrastructural challenges, urban migration, and resource constraints. Against this backdrop, the initiative taken by Mayor Deb is being hailed as a progressive move that may pave the way for participatory governance—a model where policy-making and implementation are directly influenced by inputs from the community.
Notably, this will not be a one-off program. As announced by the Mayor, the April 19 convention will serve as the flagship event of a series of similar meetings that will subsequently be held across all five borough committees under the jurisdiction of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC). The administration plans to announce specific dates and venues for these follow-up interactions soon, thereby ensuring that residents across different geographical areas of the city—including peripheral and often-neglected localities—get an equal opportunity to be heard.
Mayor Deb, while addressing the media, emphasized that this initiative is not merely symbolic but will be results-oriented. Officials from various departments, including water supply, solid waste management, road construction, health services, and revenue collection, are expected to attend the convention and respond directly to public queries. In a city where civic complaints often take weeks to be registered and even longer to be resolved, this direct-response model could potentially be a game-changer in streamlining municipal service delivery.
Furthermore, the initiative reflects a growing awareness within the TMC-led administration of the importance of reconnecting with the electorate at a micro level—especially at a time when opposition parties like the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have made significant inroads in the region in recent electoral cycles. Political observers believe that the convention, while presented as a governance tool, could also play a crucial role in shaping public opinion ahead of the 2026 West Bengal Assembly elections. Nevertheless, civic leaders, non-political resident welfare associations, and civil society groups across Siliguri have largely welcomed the move, describing it as a much-needed step toward inclusive urban governance.
The success of this initiative will ultimately depend on how effectively the administration listens, acts, and communicates with its citizens beyond just the event itself. It sets the stage for a potentially transformative moment in Siliguri’s civic history—one where the people are not just passive recipients of policies but active contributors to the city’s future.
Siliguri Citizens Convention 2025: A Platform for Open Dialogue
Mayor Gautam Deb has underscored the core objective of the upcoming citizens’ convention as creating a democratic platform for meaningful dialogue between the people of Siliguri and the municipal administration. Emphasizing the necessity of such a forum, Deb stated, “The programme is aimed at fostering dialogue between citizens and the civic administration. We want to hear from the people directly and address their concerns.” This statement, though succinct, reflects a larger philosophy of governance rooted in transparency, responsiveness, and accountability—principles that have increasingly become essential in managing complex urban spaces like Siliguri.
In many cities across India, a growing disconnect between the authorities and the everyday experiences of citizens has led to a crisis of trust in local governance. Mayor Deb’s initiative appears to be a conscious effort to bridge that divide, positioning the civic administration not as a distant bureaucracy, but as an accessible and responsive institution that listens, understands, and acts based on real-time feedback from the people it serves. By inviting citizens to speak directly about the problems they face in their neighborhoods—ranging from basic infrastructure issues like roads, drainage, and garbage disposal to broader concerns around health services, education, traffic management, and water supply—the convention seeks to ensure that policy decisions are guided not just by statistics and reports, but also by the lived experiences of the residents.
Furthermore, this open forum is expected to include not only individual citizens but also representatives from local clubs, resident welfare associations (RWAs), youth groups, women’s collectives, and senior citizen forums. This inclusive approach ensures that a diverse array of voices, particularly from vulnerable and underrepresented communities, are given space to articulate their needs. In doing so, the administration is not merely aiming to gather complaints—it is also looking to involve citizens in co-creating solutions, thereby fostering a culture of participatory governance.
It is important to note that Siliguri, being a rapidly growing urban center and a crucial transit point connecting the Northeast, North Bengal, and neighboring countries, faces unique urban challenges. These include unregulated construction, pressure on transport infrastructure, strained public utilities, and recurring issues related to waterlogging and waste management. The citizens’ convention, therefore, is not only timely but also critical in allowing the administration to take stock of ground realities through direct public input, rather than relying solely on internal departmental assessments.
By institutionalizing such dialogues, Mayor Deb and the Siliguri Municipal Corporation are also setting a precedent for other urban bodies in West Bengal and beyond. In an age where digital feedback and online portals often replace face-to-face interaction, this physical, in-person convention sends a strong signal that the administration values human connection and empathy in governance. It signals a willingness to not only listen but also to be held accountable in the public eye—something that has often been missing in local governance frameworks.
Ultimately, if implemented effectively and followed up with concrete action, the convention could emerge as a transformative tool for civic empowerment in Siliguri, helping bridge the often-daunting gap between municipal policies and the everyday challenges of the people.
Siliguri Citizens Convention 2025: Extending the Initiative Across Boroughs
While the April 19 citizens’ convention at Dinabandhu Mancha marks the beginning of this ambitious civic engagement campaign, Mayor Gautam Deb and the Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) have already laid out plans to take this initiative further—literally and symbolically—by replicating the model across all five borough committees that comprise the city’s administrative framework. Each of these boroughs oversees a cluster of municipal wards and represents the unique socio-economic and infrastructural character of different areas within Siliguri. The decision to decentralize the convention model and bring it closer to individual neighborhoods is being viewed as a strategic move to ensure that no region or community is left unheard.
Mayor Deb emphasized that this expansion is integral to the larger mission of inclusive governance. By holding follow-up conventions within the borough committees, the administration intends to reach residents who may find it difficult to travel to central venues or feel intimidated by formal settings. These localized events will offer a more accessible and familiar platform for citizens—particularly women, senior citizens, daily-wage workers, and marginalized groups—to come forward and speak candidly about their day-to-day challenges without the fear of being overlooked or ignored. It’s a move that reflects not only logistical foresight but also social sensitivity.
Although the precise dates and venues for these borough-level conventions are yet to be finalized, sources within the municipal corporation have indicated that a rotating schedule is being drafted to systematically cover all five administrative zones. The boroughs—each responsible for managing essential civic services within their geographic domains—will take on the responsibility of organizing these events under the guidance of the Mayor’s office. Each event will be designed to address hyper-local issues that are specific to that borough’s jurisdiction. For instance, residents of Ward 47 might raise concerns about water scarcity and road erosion near riverbanks, while those in densely populated central wards may focus on traffic congestion, waste management, or overcrowded marketplaces.
This strategy of segmenting the outreach by boroughs also allows for a more granular and tailored administrative response. Rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all approach, the SMC will be able to prioritize ward-specific problems and channel its resources and manpower accordingly. Engineers, health officers, urban planners, tax department officials, and sanitation workers from each borough will be required to attend the respective conventions, take notes, and provide on-the-spot clarifications or commitments for resolution timelines.
Moreover, this extension of the initiative across boroughs is likely to contribute significantly to a stronger civic culture within Siliguri. By embedding the practice of public dialogue at the borough level, the administration hopes to build sustained channels of communication that outlive the current leadership or electoral cycle. Citizens who see tangible action resulting from their participation in these conventions may be more inclined to remain engaged with governance processes in the future—whether by attending ward committee meetings, volunteering for local improvement projects, or participating in awareness drives.
Critically, this borough-level engagement can also serve as a model for other municipalities in West Bengal and across India. It mirrors some of the best practices from global urban planning, where decentralization of public services and community forums has proven to be a powerful method for responsive administration. If executed effectively, the ripple effect of these grassroots-level conventions could significantly elevate the standard of civic management and democratic participation in Siliguri, setting a precedent for urban transformation through citizen-government partnership.
Political Implications and Reactions: Strategic Outreach or Image Makeover?
The announcement of the citizens’ convention by Siliguri Mayor Gautam Deb has not only garnered attention from local residents and civic bodies but has also triggered significant ripples in the political corridors of North Bengal. Political analysts and observers are viewing the move through a broader electoral lens, interpreting it as a carefully timed strategic maneuver by the Trinamool Congress (TMC) aimed at regaining lost political ground in Siliguri—a city that has increasingly tilted towards the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in recent election cycles.
Siliguri, often referred to as the “Gateway to the Northeast,” holds not just geographic but also symbolic importance in West Bengal’s political landscape. Its cosmopolitan demography, strategic proximity to the international borders of Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, and its pivotal role in trade and tourism make it a key electoral battleground. In recent years, the city has emerged as a stronghold for the BJP, a party that has steadily consolidated its urban voter base in North Bengal while the TMC has traditionally enjoyed stronger rural support in the region.
The 2021 West Bengal Assembly elections delivered a significant blow to the TMC in Siliguri. BJP candidate Sankara Ghosh defeated TMC’s Amprakash Mishra in the Siliguri constituency by a substantial margin of over 35,000 votes, signaling a sharp shift in urban voter sentiment. Adding to this trend, in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, Darjeeling BJP MP Raju Bista secured a commanding lead from the Siliguri segment, further cementing the BJP’s influence in the region. These electoral outcomes have forced the TMC leadership to recalibrate its strategy and refocus on urban issues, particularly in key cities like Siliguri where development deficits and administrative lapses have been hot-button topics.
In this context, the April 19 citizens’ convention is being seen not merely as an exercise in governance, but as a politically calibrated outreach program—one that allows the TMC to engage directly with disillusioned voters, address local grievances in a public setting, and rebuild its credibility from the grassroots. By opening up platforms for dialogue, the TMC is seeking to convey a message of humility and accessibility, distancing itself from perceptions of bureaucratic aloofness or complacency that critics often accuse it of.
However, the opposition has not taken this move lightly. BJP councillor Amit Jain, a vocal critic of the TMC’s handling of municipal affairs in Siliguri, has openly lambasted the initiative. In a scathing remark to local media, Jain alleged that the convention is nothing more than a “damage control exercise” designed to divert public attention from what he described as the “utter failures” of the TMC-led municipal board over the past three years. He further questioned the timing of the initiative, suggesting that the renewed focus on public participation is conveniently emerging just a year ahead of the 2026 West Bengal Assembly elections. “Where was this concern for citizens when basic services were crumbling? Why didn’t they hold such conventions in 2022 or 2023 when people were suffering due to poor drainage, broken roads, and irregular water supply?” he asked.
Political observers note that such criticism is not entirely unwarranted. The performance of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation under the TMC has faced public scrutiny in several areas—especially regarding sanitation management, infrastructure maintenance, and uneven development across wards. Some civic issues raised in the past, such as encroachment on public land, traffic mismanagement, and flood-prone zones remaining unaddressed, have fueled public frustration and have been effectively capitalized on by the opposition. In that light, the citizens’ convention can be interpreted both as an opportunity to listen and rectify, as well as a last-ditch effort to arrest the growing trust deficit.
Yet, supporters of the initiative argue that the very acknowledgment of past mistakes and the willingness to face public questions in an open forum is a sign of administrative maturity and political accountability. A senior TMC functionary, requesting anonymity, said, “No government is perfect. What matters is whether we are willing to improve, and the Mayor’s decision to meet citizens directly in multiple conventions is proof that we are ready to change how governance works.”
Beyond the partisan discourse, the success or failure of this initiative may well depend on what happens after the conventions. If citizens see genuine follow-through on the issues raised—be it pothole repairs, garbage disposal improvements, park restorations, or better public transport connectivity—the TMC could indeed reverse some of the negative perceptions and rebuild trust. If, however, the convention turns out to be a one-off photo-op without tangible outcomes, it could backfire, reinforcing the opposition’s claim that this is merely electoral theatre.
In the final analysis, the April 19 event and the borough-level extensions that follow are not just civic exercises—they are politically loaded engagements where governance, reputation, and electoral fortunes intersect. Both the TMC and BJP are watching closely, as are the citizens of Siliguri, who hold the power to either reward accountability or punish apathy at the ballot box.
Building on Previous Outreach Efforts
This citizens’ convention is not an isolated effort. Mayor Deb has a history of initiating programs aimed at connecting with the populace. In May 2023, he launched the “Manusher Kachhe Cholo” (Go to People) drive, intending to visit each of the 47 wards in Siliguri to engage directly with residents. As part of this initiative, Deb planned to spend nights in various households and dine with locals to better understand their issues. citeturn0search0
Additionally, the “Talk to Mayor” program was introduced, allowing residents to communicate their grievances and suggestions directly to the mayor through weekly interactions. citeturn0search0
Addressing Civic Challenges
Under Mayor Deb’s leadership, the SMC has undertaken various projects to address the city’s infrastructural challenges. In September 2024, a project was launched to pump water from the Teesta River to meet the city’s growing water demand. The initiative, part of the Amrut 2.0 scheme, aims to increase the daily water supply from 50 million liters to 135 million liters by December 2025. citeturn0search1
Furthermore, in March 2024, four urban wellness centers were inaugurated to enhance healthcare facilities across the city. These centers were established with a budget of ₹1.16 crore, reflecting the administration’s commitment to improving public health infrastructure. citeturn0search2
Budgetary Allocations for Holistic Development
In March 2025, Mayor Deb presented a comprehensive budget of ₹685.24 crore for the financial year 2025-26, with a focus on sustainable and inclusive growth. The budget proposed incentives for constructing green buildings, development of healthcare facilities, and improvements in transportation infrastructure, including the introduction of an elevated mono rail network. citeturn0search3
Controversies and Challenges
Despite these initiatives, the administration has faced criticism. In April 2024, the BJP filed a complaint against Mayor Deb, alleging that the “Talk to Mayor” program violated the model code of conduct during the election period. citeturn0search5
Additionally, concerns have been raised about the quality of water supplied in the city. In May 2024, Mayor Deb acknowledged that the water was unfit for drinking due to high biochemical oxygen demand levels, underscoring the need for infrastructural improvements. citeturn0search4
Future Prospects
The upcoming citizens’ convention represents a continuation of Mayor Deb’s efforts to engage with the community and address their concerns directly. By institutionalizing such platforms for dialogue, the administration aims to build trust and ensure that developmental policies are aligned with the needs of the residents.
As Siliguri prepares for the 2026 Assembly elections, initiatives like these could play a pivotal role in shaping the political landscape, influencing voter perceptions, and determining the city’s developmental trajectory.
Mayor Gautam Deb’s announcement of the citizens’ convention on April 19 signifies a proactive approach to governance, emphasizing transparency, community engagement, and responsive administration. While political interpretations of the move vary, the initiative underscores the importance of direct communication between the government and its citizens in addressing local issues and fostering a collaborative environment for the city’s growth.
Darjeeling Tea Industry Crisis 2025: The Darjeeling tea industry, long heralded as the crown jewel of Indian tea production and internationally renowned for its delicate aroma, golden liquor, and unmatched flavor, now finds itself at a precarious crossroads. Nestled in the misty foothills of the eastern Himalayas, Darjeeling’s tea gardens have produced what connoisseurs across the globe have long revered as the “Champagne of Teas.” Protected by a Geographical Indication (GI) tag, this premium product has traditionally fetched high prices in global markets and contributed significantly to the identity and economy of the region. However, beneath the lush green slopes and picturesque plantations lies an industry buckling under mounting pressure from all directions.
As we move deeper into 2025, the Darjeeling tea sector is grappling with an unprecedented convergence of crises. At the heart of the turmoil is a steep and sustained decline in tea production—a trend that has persisted for over a decade. Where Darjeeling once produced around 10 to 11 million kilograms of tea annually in its prime, current figures paint a dismal picture, with annual output now hovering at a mere 5.6 million kilograms. This dramatic drop is more than just a statistic; it is symptomatic of deeper structural and environmental problems that are eroding the foundation of this once-thriving industry.
Labor disputes and a shrinking, aging workforce further compound the issue. With wages stagnating and the cost of living soaring, tea garden workers—many of whom have devoted generations of their families to the estates—are becoming increasingly disillusioned. Younger generations are leaving the gardens in search of more stable and lucrative opportunities, often in urban centers, resulting in an acute labor shortage. The workforce that remains is aging and overburdened, with productivity declining and morale plummeting.
Economic pressures, too, are taking a severe toll. From rising input costs and falling auction prices to delayed payments and mounting debts, tea estate owners and managers are finding it increasingly difficult to break even—let alone turn a profit. Compounding these challenges is the influx of lower-cost teas from neighboring Nepal. Though similar in taste and appearance, Nepalese teas do not carry the same GI protection and are often blended with Darjeeling tea and sold under its name in domestic and international markets. This deceptive practice not only undercuts prices but also dilutes the Darjeeling brand, leaving loyal consumers confused and the region’s producers at a distinct disadvantage.
Climate change presents yet another formidable challenge. The Darjeeling hills, once blessed with a predictable rhythm of mist, rain, and sunshine—perfect for nurturing its high-quality tea—are now experiencing erratic weather patterns. Unseasonal droughts, heavier monsoons, fluctuating temperatures, and increased pest infestations are wreaking havoc on tea gardens. The vital first and second flushes, known for their high quality and premium market value, are now increasingly unreliable. As a result, even the most well-managed estates are seeing sharp declines in both quantity and quality.
This multifaceted crisis has prompted urgent calls for reform and innovation. Stakeholders across the spectrum—estate owners, trade unions, government bodies, exporters, and environmentalists—are debating the best path forward. Some advocate for the diversification of income through tourism and agroforestry. Others push for modernization, replantation, climate-resilient farming, and better support systems for workers. Meanwhile, there are growing appeals for regulatory intervention to curb the unchecked inflow of Nepalese tea and to implement protective tariffs or labeling requirements that would safeguard the integrity of Darjeeling’s GI status.
In this detailed report, we will examine each of these challenges in depth—shedding light on the underlying causes, the human stories entangled in the crisis, the data that outlines the scope of the problem, and the innovative ideas and policies being proposed as solutions. By understanding the intricacies of this crisis, we can better appreciate not only the complexities of Darjeeling tea production but also the urgency with which it must be addressed if this iconic industry is to survive and thrive in the years to come.
Darjeeling Tea Industry Crisis 2025: Historical Significance and Current Production Trends
Darjeeling tea is not just a beverage—it is a cultural emblem, a colonial legacy, and an economic lifeline for thousands in the eastern Himalayas. Its story began in the mid-1800s when the British colonial administration, looking to break China’s monopoly over tea, began experimenting with tea plantations in the hilly terrains of Darjeeling. The combination of high altitude, sloping terrains, cool climate, misty atmosphere, and well-distributed rainfall proved ideal for cultivating high-quality Camellia sinensis—the plant from which all true teas originate.
The first commercial tea garden in Darjeeling was established in 1856, and by the turn of the 20th century, the region had already gained a reputation for producing an exceptional variety of tea—light in color, floral in aroma, and with a muscatel flavor that could not be replicated anywhere else in the world. Over the decades, Darjeeling tea was exported globally and became a symbol of luxury and refinement, served in royal households, European salons, and high-end tea rooms from London to Tokyo.
The post-independence era saw a nationalization of the tea trade and the continued expansion of Darjeeling’s plantations. At its peak in the 1990s, the region boasted over 87 registered tea gardens spread across the districts of Darjeeling, Kalimpong, and Kurseong. These gardens produced approximately 10–11 million kilograms of tea per year, with nearly 80% of it exported to premium markets in Europe, the United States, and Japan. At the time, Darjeeling tea fetched record prices at auctions, driven by its Geographical Indication (GI) status and its image as an elite artisanal product.
However, the early 2000s marked the beginning of a steady and worrying decline. As per data from the Tea Board of India and various industry reports, production has dipped sharply over the past two decades. By 2010, total annual output had dropped to under 9 million kilograms. By 2022, it stood at approximately 6.6 million kilograms, and recent estimates for 2024–25 suggest production may have fallen even further to around 5.6 million kilograms—a nearly 50% decline compared to the industry’s peak years.
Multiple factors are responsible for this downward trend, all interconnected and mutually reinforcing. One of the most critical concerns is the aging of tea bushes. Many of the bushes in Darjeeling’s tea estates are well over 50 years old, with some even nearing 100. These older bushes produce fewer leaves and are more susceptible to pests and diseases. While replantation is the obvious solution, it is a capital-intensive process requiring significant investment, skilled labor, and time—at least five years before the new bushes yield commercially viable crops. Given the tight financial constraints most gardens are facing, only a handful can afford large-scale replantation programs.
Additionally, the number of plucking rounds per season has significantly reduced due to a shortage of skilled tea pluckers. In the heyday of Darjeeling tea, gardens would have upwards of 25–30 plucking rounds during a single harvesting season. Today, that number has dwindled to 10–15 in many estates. This reduction not only impacts the volume of tea harvested but also affects the quality and consistency of the famed first and second flush teas that Darjeeling is known for.
Climatic changes have further complicated the production landscape. The Darjeeling region is experiencing erratic weather patterns—shorter winters, unseasonal rains, extended dry spells, and rising temperatures. The once-predictable rhythm of the monsoon is no longer reliable, resulting in either flooding or drought conditions. These climatic inconsistencies affect the growth cycle of tea plants, alter the delicate balance of flavor compounds in the leaves, and increase the vulnerability of plantations to pest infestations and fungal diseases.
Moreover, the political instability and periodic unrest in the region, particularly related to the Gorkhaland movement, have caused multiple disruptions in the past two decades. These agitations have not only led to production shutdowns but also discouraged investment and modernisation efforts. The 104-day strike in 2017 is a case in point, during which all gardens ceased operations, resulting in an almost complete loss of the critical second flush harvest that year—a blow from which many gardens never fully recovered.
All these factors have created a perfect storm for the Darjeeling tea industry. The cumulative impact of old and unproductive bushes, unpredictable weather, labor shortages, poor estate management, and a lack of capital has led to a situation where even historically profitable gardens are now struggling to stay afloat. Many have changed ownership multiple times, some have stopped operations entirely, and several others are operating at losses, kept alive only due to their cultural legacy or the hope of future revival.
In contrast to this grim scenario, the demand for high-quality Darjeeling tea remains steady in niche markets. Tea connoisseurs, specialty retailers, and luxury brands continue to express interest in authentic Darjeeling flushes, but they are often frustrated by inconsistent supply, variable quality, and lack of traceability. Without urgent and large-scale interventions—both at the policy and grassroots levels—the region may not be able to meet even its modest export targets in the years ahead.
Historical Context: Colonial Roots and Legacy of Exploitation
The labor model in Darjeeling’s tea gardens has its roots in the colonial plantation economy, where British planters employed cheap, indentured labor—primarily from the tribal regions of present-day Jharkhand, Odisha, and Assam. These communities were relocated to the highlands of Darjeeling and settled around the tea estates. Over time, they became a permanent underclass, bound to the gardens by both livelihood and geography.
Despite India’s independence and several subsequent land and labor reforms, the core plantation structure remained unchanged. Workers continued to live on the estates in employer-provided housing, receiving in-kind benefits (like food rations, healthcare, and education for their children) in lieu of adequate wages. These provisions have eroded steadily over the years, but the system remains largely feudal in nature. The economic dependency of workers on estate management persists, with very little upward mobility or diversification of opportunities.
Thus, the historical journey of Darjeeling tea, from colonial cultivation to global acclaim and now to survival struggle, mirrors broader transitions in India’s agricultural sectors—where legacy, labor, land, and livelihood intersect in complex ways. The fall in production is not merely a technical or economic issue; it is symptomatic of deeper, systemic problems that require a holistic and sustainable solution.
Labor Challenges and Socioeconomic Implications
At the heart of Darjeeling’s world-famous tea lies a paradox: while its brew is celebrated in elite circles across the globe, the workers who labor to produce this prized commodity continue to endure marginalization, poverty, and systemic neglect. The human story of Darjeeling tea—especially that of the plantation laborers—is one of chronic underpayment, social insecurity, and generational disenfranchisement. As of 2025, these labor-related challenges have escalated to a point where they not only impact worker morale and livelihood but also directly threaten the long-term sustainability of the entire industry.
Wage Crisis: The ₹250 per Day Dilemma
As of 2025, the average wage for a tea plucker in Darjeeling hovers around ₹250–₹265 per day, depending on the estate and region. This amount is significantly lower than the minimum daily wage prescribed for industrial or agricultural labor in many other states. When adjusted for inflation and living costs in the hilly terrains—where transportation, food, and healthcare are relatively expensive—this wage is barely enough to sustain a small family.
A comparative study conducted by the Indian Institute of Plantation Management in 2024 revealed that a family of four in Darjeeling needs a minimum of ₹16,000–₹18,000 per month to survive with basic dignity. A two-adult working household, even if fully employed every working day of the month (which is rare due to weather and health factors), barely manages to cross ₹13,000–₹14,000.
This wage stagnation has led to several knock-on effects:
High absenteeism among workers who supplement their income with work in nearby towns or in seasonal migration to cities like Siliguri, Gangtok, or Kolkata.
Lower plucking frequency and reduced quality, as fewer workers are available to maintain harvesting schedules.
Erosion of skill continuity, since younger generations are unwilling to join an industry that offers such poor remuneration.
Intergenerational Labor Exodus and Youth Disillusionment
One of the most visible consequences of the wage crisis is the generational shift away from tea garden work. Many of the younger generation—born and raised in the tea estates—are choosing to move away from their ancestral occupation. Armed with basic education and exposure to urban employment markets through digital media or short-term migration, they are no longer willing to settle for a life that offers minimal growth or recognition.
This exodus has led to an aging workforce. A large proportion of the current labor force comprises women over 40, many of whom have worked in the gardens since adolescence. With fewer young workers entering the system, estates are increasingly struggling to maintain even minimum manpower for daily operations.
Furthermore, the lack of proper vocational training or career guidance has resulted in a vacuum where youth who leave the estates often end up in unskilled, insecure jobs in urban slums—leading to new cycles of poverty and vulnerability.
Gender Dynamics: The Feminization of Tea Labor
Women form the backbone of Darjeeling’s tea industry. More than 60–70% of pluckers are women, owing to the belief that women have more nimble fingers and a better eye for selecting the right leaves. However, despite their pivotal role, female workers are often the most disadvantaged.
They are paid the same meager wages as their male counterparts, but are expected to shoulder the dual burden of labor and household responsibilities.
Access to maternal healthcare, sanitation, and childcare facilities in many tea gardens remains inadequate.
Cases of sexual harassment or exploitation are rarely reported, given the close-knit and hierarchical nature of the estate environment.
Many women work well into their old age, suffering from chronic back pain, joint problems, and vision issues—symptoms directly linked to prolonged physical strain under difficult environmental conditions. Few receive pensions or gratuities when they retire.
Statutory Defaults and Social Security Erosion
A major point of contention between workers and estate management in recent years has been the non-payment of statutory dues, including:
Provident Fund (PF) contributions
Gratuity payments
Maternity benefits
Health insurance and ESI coverage
Multiple reports, including findings from the 2023 Labour Audit Committee for West Bengal, indicate widespread default by estate owners in fulfilling these legal obligations. In some cases, workers have gone unpaid for months, while PF accounts remain dormant for years. This financial insecurity leaves aging workers particularly vulnerable, especially those who are no longer fit for physical labor but receive no pension.
While the Plantation Labour Act, 1951 was meant to safeguard worker rights, its enforcement has been patchy. State labor departments, often understaffed and underfunded, are unable to carry out regular inspections. Political interference and the influence of powerful estate lobbies further hinder meaningful reform.
Housing, Healthcare, and Living Conditions
The living quarters provided to workers are, in many cases, relics from the colonial era. These accommodations are often dilapidated, overcrowded, and lacking in basic amenities like potable water, electricity, and sanitation. Drainage systems are poor, leading to waterborne diseases during the monsoon season. Healthcare facilities, where they exist, are usually basic dispensaries without trained doctors or adequate medicine supplies.
The COVID-19 pandemic further exposed these vulnerabilities, as workers lacked access to testing, protective equipment, or financial support during lockdowns. Several NGOs stepped in to fill the void, but long-term solutions remain elusive.
Unionization and Labor Movements
Despite these hardships, the workers of Darjeeling have a long history of organized resistance. Several labor unions, including the Himalayan Plantation Workers’ Union and the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha’s labor wing, have advocated for better wages, land rights, and compliance with statutory benefits. Periodic strikes and gheraos have brought temporary attention to these issues, but negotiations often break down without long-term resolution.
In 2022, a multi-union collective demanded a daily wage increase to ₹350 and immediate clearance of all pending PF and gratuity dues. While some marginal increases were conceded by certain estates, the wage hike fell far short of inflation-adjusted expectations. Many managements argued that they were unable to meet the demands due to falling exports and rising operational costs.
This cycle of claim and denial, strike and settlement, has become routine, with no structural reform to end the pattern.
In summary, the labor challenges in Darjeeling’s tea industry are not isolated—they are deeply embedded in the region’s history, economy, and social structures. The tea workers are the invisible custodians of Darjeeling’s international brand, yet they live on the margins of survival. Without systemic reform—wage restructuring, replantation-driven job creation, youth skill programs, better healthcare, and secure housing—the exodus of labor and the decline in productivity will continue.
To save Darjeeling tea, we must first save the people who produce it. Their dignity, prosperity, and well-being are not optional extras—they are central to the legacy and future of the tea that defines the region.
Economic Pressures and the Surge of Nepalese Tea Imports
The Darjeeling tea industry is under significant economic pressure due to the influx of cheaper Nepalese teas. In 2024, India imported between 14 to 15 million kilograms of tea from Nepal, surpassing Darjeeling’s own production. These Nepalese teas, often similar in appearance and taste, are sometimes blended with Darjeeling tea, affecting its market value and authenticity. The cost advantage of Nepalese producers, who benefit from lower labor costs and less stringent regulations, further exacerbates the competitive disparity.
Climate Change and Environmental Challenges
Climate change poses a formidable threat to Darjeeling tea cultivation. Studies indicate a rise in maximum temperatures and a decrease in annual rainfall in the region, leading to reduced productivity and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases. These climatic shifts have disrupted traditional harvesting schedules and compromised the quality of the tea produced.
Government Initiatives and Industry Responses
In response to these challenges, the West Bengal government has initiated policies to reallocate portions of tea garden land for tourism and allied purposes, aiming to diversify income sources for the industry. However, this move has sparked debates about the potential impact on tea production and the livelihoods of workers. Industry leaders are calling for comprehensive strategies, including financial packages, interest subventions, and the introduction of minimum import prices for teas from Nepal, to revive and sustain the Darjeeling tea industry.
The Darjeeling tea industry stands at a crossroads, facing a confluence of challenges that threaten its survival. Addressing these issues requires a collaborative approach involving government intervention, industry innovation, and support for the workforce. Embracing sustainable practices, enhancing climate resilience, ensuring fair labor policies, and implementing stringent quality controls are imperative to preserve the legacy of Darjeeling tea and secure its place in the global market.
In recent weeks, West Bengal has been gripped by widespread unrest as protests intensify against the controversial Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, introduced by the central government. What began as peaceful demonstrations organized by various Muslim organizations and clerics has quickly snowballed into a volatile political and social flashpoint across several districts of the state. The bill, which proposes significant changes to the administration and governance of Waqf properties, has been vehemently opposed by community leaders who argue that it infringes upon religious rights and undermines the federal structure by attempting to centralize control over Muslim charitable endowments.
Violence Breaks Out During Protests Against Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025
The protests, which were initially confined to rallies, marches, and sit-ins, have unfortunately taken a violent turn in several parts of the state. In places like East Midnapore, Howrah, and even parts of Kolkata, demonstrators have clashed with police, leading to a series of disturbing incidents involving arson, stone-pelting, and the destruction of public property. Multiple vehicles—including police cars—have been set ablaze, roads have been blocked, and reports of injuries to both protestors and law enforcement personnel have surfaced. Videos of these clashes have gone viral on social media, further inflaming public sentiment and raising concerns about law and order in the state.
The situation has drawn strong reactions from political leaders and civil society alike. While the ruling Trinamool Congress has expressed sympathy with the protestors’ concerns, opposition parties have criticized the state government for failing to prevent the violence. The protests have also sparked a wider debate on religious rights, constitutional autonomy, and the limits of state intervention in community matters. As tensions continue to simmer, the state remains on high alert, with police presence beefed up in sensitive areas and the Calcutta High Court closely monitoring developments to prevent further escalation.
On November 28, 2024, the political landscape of West Bengal witnessed a pivotal moment when the West Bengal Jamiat-e-Ulama, one of the most influential Muslim organizations in the state, led a massive protest march in the heart of Kolkata. Thousands of people gathered in a peaceful but determined show of strength, voicing their deep opposition to the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2024. Organized under the leadership of Maulana Siddiqullah Chowdhury, a senior cleric and former minister in the West Bengal government, the demonstration was marked by fiery speeches, placards bearing slogans like “Save the Constitution” and “Withdraw the Waqf Bill,” and widespread public participation from various districts.
Maulana Siddiqullah Chowdhury, who addressed the rally amid heavy police presence, did not mince words. He denounced the central government’s move, calling the bill an outright “attack on the Constitution” and a direct infringement upon the religious and cultural rights of the Muslim community. According to Chowdhury, the proposed amendments are not only unconstitutional but also designed to strip state Waqf boards of their autonomy, allowing the central government to tighten its grip over community-managed properties and affairs. He demanded that the bill be rolled back immediately, warning that continued disregard for minority voices could lead to greater unrest.
The protest also drew support from West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, who has consistently positioned herself as a defender of secularism and minority rights. In a strongly worded statement, Banerjee echoed the concerns raised by the protesters and labeled the Waqf (Amendment) Bill as “anti-federal” and “arbitrary.” She criticized the central government for bypassing states while drafting the bill, accusing it of attempting to dismantle India’s federal structure by centralizing control over matters traditionally managed at the state level. “Waqf properties are a state subject under the current federal arrangement,” she stated, “and any unilateral changes to that structure without proper consultation with the states is not only undemocratic but also legally questionable.”
The protest on November 28 served as a major flashpoint in the growing discontent over the bill and symbolized the broader tensions between the state and the Centre. It not only amplified Muslim voices in the ongoing debate but also reignited discussions around the role of federalism, the autonomy of religious institutions, and the responsibilities of a pluralistic democracy to accommodate diverse viewpoints.
In a deeply disturbing development that further underscored the growing communal and political tensions surrounding the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, violence broke out in Kanthi (Contai), located in the East Midnapore district of West Bengal, on December 14, 2024. What began as a protest rally against the bill took a violent turn when a group of individuals allegedly attacked a car that was passing by the area while playing Hindu devotional songs at high volume. Eyewitnesses claimed that the vehicle, which was adorned with religious symbols and playing bhajans on loudspeakers, was perceived as provocative by some protesters, leading to an unprovoked and aggressive assault.
According to reports, the assailants pelted the car with stones and physically assaulted its occupants, resulting in serious injuries to those inside, including women and an elderly man. The vehicle was severely vandalized, with broken windows, dents, and religious paraphernalia torn or desecrated. The injured victims were rushed to a nearby hospital in critical condition, and videos of the attack began circulating widely on social media shortly thereafter, sparking outrage among netizens and political leaders alike.
The incident immediately became a flashpoint in the ongoing controversy, with opposition parties seizing the moment to launch a scathing attack on the Trinamool Congress-led state government. Leaders from the BJP and other opposition groups accused the ruling administration of indulging in “blatant minority appeasement” and failing to protect innocent civilians from mob violence. BJP spokespersons described the attack as an “act of communal intolerance” and demanded swift action against the perpetrators, as well as a judicial inquiry into the incident.
Local residents expressed shock and fear following the violence, stating that such incidents threaten the fragile communal harmony in the region. Many questioned how a peaceful protest escalated to such brutality and demanded tighter law enforcement and impartial justice. Meanwhile, law enforcement agencies confirmed that several individuals were detained in connection with the assault, and an investigation was underway to identify all those involved. The police also increased patrolling in sensitive areas of East Midnapore to prevent any retaliatory violence or flare-ups.
This incident added fuel to the already volatile debate surrounding the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, reinforcing the perception that the state was failing to maintain law and order amidst politically and communally charged protests. It also highlighted the urgent need for responsible leadership and interfaith dialogue to ensure that democratic dissent does not spiral into sectarian violence.
The Calcutta High Court has taken serious cognizance of the increasingly violent nature of the protests erupting across West Bengal in response to the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2024. In a significant judicial intervention on December 3, 2024, Justice Tirthankar Ghosh addressed the matter while hearing a public interest litigation that raised concerns over the large-scale destruction of public property and repeated clashes between protestors and law enforcement personnel. The court expressed grave concern over the disturbing trend of peaceful demonstrations morphing into violent outbursts, resulting in injuries, arson, vandalism, and loss of government infrastructure.
Justice Ghosh, in his stern observations, remarked that while the right to protest is a fundamental aspect of democratic expression, such a right must be exercised responsibly and within the boundaries of the law. He warned that if the current trajectory of violence and lawlessness continues, the judiciary may be compelled to impose strict regulations and conditions on the organization and conduct of public protests. The court emphasized that it cannot remain a mute spectator while state resources are destroyed, police personnel are assaulted, and the general public is left vulnerable due to unchecked mob behavior.
He further noted that these acts of aggression were not merely spontaneous expressions of dissent, but in many cases, appeared to be orchestrated attempts to attract attention, provoke confrontation, and escalate tensions for political mileage. Justice Ghosh underlined that public streets and properties are not battlegrounds, and the right to dissent does not include the right to endanger lives or disrupt public order.
This judicial stance has added another dimension to the ongoing discourse surrounding the Waqf Bill protests. It reflects the growing frustration within the legal system over the inability of the executive and law enforcement agencies to prevent repeated outbreaks of violence. It also signals a possible tightening of legal norms governing mass gatherings, particularly when such events have the potential to threaten communal harmony and civic peace.
These developments underscore the complex and escalating crisis gripping West Bengal. As protests become increasingly confrontational, the state’s law enforcement machinery and judicial system find themselves under mounting pressure to safeguard democratic rights while simultaneously ensuring public safety. The Calcutta High Court’s remarks serve as a reminder that while democracy thrives on debate and dissent, it cannot survive in an atmosphere of chaos and violence.
