“Manipur Under President’s Rule: Ethnic Conflict and Political Instability”

Manipur Under President’s Rule: Unrest and Political Instability
Manipur is currently under President’s Rule following a period of intense ethnic conflict and political instability.

This decision by the Indian government came after Chief Minister N. Biren Singh resigned on February 9, 2025, pre-empting a no-confidence motion. President’s Rule was imposed on February 13, 2025.

Why is this happening?

The crisis stems from a deep-rooted ethnic conflict between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities, which has been ongoing since May 2023. This violence has resulted in over 200 deaths and the displacement of thousands. The government has struggled to bring the warring communities together.

Where is this happening?

The conflict is primarily occurring in Manipur, a northeastern state in India. Tensions are high between the Imphal Valley, dominated by the Meitei community, and the hill regions, where the Kuki-Zo communities reside.

There are reports that Kukis cannot enter the Imphal-belt, and Meiteis cannot go to the hilly region of Churachandpur.

Who is involved?

The main parties involved are the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities. The Meiteis have been seeking Scheduled Tribe status, which has sparked protests from the Kuki and Naga communities. The Kuki community alleges discrimination and a lack of development in their regions.

How is it happening?

The violence initially erupted in May 2023. The situation escalated with reports of drone and rocket attacks, marking a significant escalation in the conflict.

The imposition of President’s Rule became necessary due to the state government’s failure to reach a consensus on a new chief minister and the approaching deadline for convening the state assembly.

 Here are the key effects:

1. Increased Security Presence
   With the central government taking control, there has been a noticeable increase in security forces across the state. This includes deployment of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) to restore order and ensure safety, leading to heightened security checks and a visible military presence in public areas.
2. Disruption of Daily Activities
   Residents have experienced disruptions in daily activities, including education and business operations. Schools and colleges are often closed or operating under strict security protocols, while markets have seen reduced foot traffic due to fears of violence or unrest.
3. Erosion of Trust in Governance
   The prolonged ethnic violence has led to a significant erosion of trust in local governance. Many citizens feel that the state government has historically favored certain communities, intensifying feelings of alienation among others. This distrust complicates interactions with law enforcement and government officials.
4. Humanitarian Concerns
   The ongoing conflict has resulted in over 60,000 people being displaced since May 2023. Many residents are living in makeshift shelters or with relatives, facing shortages of food and medical supplies. Humanitarian aid is crucial but often hampered by security concerns.
5. Political Uncertainty
   The political landscape remains uncertain as discussions about a new Chief Minister continue without resolution. The lack of a stable leadership contributes to anxiety among residents regarding future governance and potential escalations in violence.

In summary, President’s Rule has brought about a complex mix of increased security measures, disruptions to daily life, erosion of trust in governance, humanitarian crises, and ongoing political uncertainty for the people of Manipur.